Constructors in Java
A constructor is a special method that is used to initialize an object.Every class has a constructor,if we don't explicitly declare a constructor for any java class the compiler builds a default constructor for that class. A constructor does not have any return type.
A constructor has same name as the class in which it resides. Constructor in Java can not be abstract, static, final or synchronized. These modifiers are not allowed for constructor.
class Car
{
String name ;
String model;
Car( ) //Constructor
{
name ="";
model="";
}
}
There are two types of Constructor
- Default Constructor
- Parameterized constructor
Each time a new object is created at least one constructor will be invoked.
Car c = new Car() //Default constructor invoked Car c = new Car(name); //Parameterized constructor invoked
Constructor Overloading
Like methods, a constructor can also be overloaded. Overloaded constructors are differentiated on the basis of their type of parameters or number of parameters. Constructor overloading is not much different than method overloading. In case of method overloading you have multiple methods with same name but different signature, whereas in Constructor overloading you have multiple constructor with different signature but only difference is that Constructor doesn't have return type in Java.
Q. Why do we Overload constructors ?
Constuctor overloading is done to construct object in different ways.
Example of constructor overloading
class Cricketer
{
String name;
String team;
int age;
Cricketer () //default constructor.
{
name ="";
team ="";
age = 0;
}
Cricketer(String n, String t, int a) //constructor overloaded
{
name = n;
team = t;
age = a;
}
Cricketer (Cricketer ckt) //constructor similar to copy constructor of c++
{
name = ckt.name;
team = ckt.team;
age = ckt.age;
}
public String toString()
{
return "this is " + name + " of "+team;
}
}
Class test:
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Cricketer c1 = new Cricketer();
Cricketer c2 = new Cricketer("sachin", "India", 32);
Cricketer c3 = new Cricketer(c2 );
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
c1.name = "Virat";
c1.team= "India";
c1.age = 32;
System .out. print in (c1);
}
}
output:
this is sachin of india this is sachin of india this is virat of india
Q What's the difference between constructors and normal methods?
Constructors must have the same name as the class and can not return a value. They are only called once while regular methods could be called many times and it can return a value or can be void.
Q. What is constructor chaining in Java?
Constructor chaining is a phenomena of calling one constructor from another constructor of same class. Since constructor can only be called from another constructor in Java, constructor chaining is used for this purpose.
class Test
{
Test()
{
this(10);
}
Test(int x)
{
System.out.println("x="+x);
}
}
Q. Does constructors return any value?
Yes, constructors return current instant of a class. But yet constructor signature cannot have any return type.